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通过对汶川地震中69座溃坝险情土石坝所处烈度区及其实际震害情况的调查、统计和分析,研究了土石坝震害类型、破坏程度与所在烈度之间的关系,认为汶川地震中土石坝震害随烈度变化的规律性显著。分析表明,Ⅵ度以下烈度区土石坝没有溃坝险情发生。在Ⅵ度至Ⅸ度烈度区,随着烈度等级的增加,震害种类及其震损程度随之增加,在不同烈度区影响坝体安全的震害的种类不同。坝体裂缝是溃坝险情土石坝最普遍的震害形式,坝体贯穿性横向裂缝多见于Ⅸ度烈度区,溃坝险情土石坝在Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ度烈度区内表现出的震害类型和危险程度有所差别。认为在土石坝抗震设计和应急救援中应认识到这些震害特点以减少震后由于溃坝造成次生灾害的发生。
Through the investigation, statistics and analysis of the intensity zone of 69 earth-rock embankment dam and the actual earthquake damage in the Wenchuan earthquake, the relationship between the type of earthquake damage and the degree of damage and the intensity of the earth-rock dam is studied. It is considered that the Wenchuan earthquake The earth-rockfill dam with earthquake intensity changes regularly. Analysis shows that earth-rock dam below the intensity of Ⅵ degree without dam failure danger occurred. In the region of intensity from Ⅵ to Ⅸ, with the increase of intensity level, the types of earthquake damage and their degree of earthquake damage increase, and the types of earthquake damage that affect the safety of dam in different intensity regions are different. The dam cracks are the most common forms of earth-rock dam damage. The horizontal transverse cracks in the dam are more common in the Ⅸ intensity area. The earthquakes dam of the dam failure in Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ intensity The type and degree of hazard vary. It is suggested that these earthquake damage characteristics should be recognized in the seismic design and emergency rescue of earth-rockfill dam in order to reduce the occurrence of secondary disasters caused by dam break after the earthquake.