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目的:比较甘露醇和β-七叶皂苷钠所致兔耳静脉及周围组织的损伤。方法:将健康家兔12只,随机分为3组,每组4只。甘露醇组静脉注射20%甘露醇5ml;β-七叶皂苷钠组静脉注射0.02%β-七叶皂苷钠5ml;对照组静脉注射0.9%氯化钠注射液5ml。每组均注射2次/d,上午注射左耳缘静脉,下午注射右耳缘静脉,共注射3d。分别观察各组在第1天、第3天兔耳缘静脉血管和周围组织的损伤以及第4~7天时各自的恢复程度。结果:病理切片显示:第1天时,甘露醇组及对照组兔耳血管和周围组织无明显改变;而β-七叶皂苷钠组兔耳血管明显扩张,出血。第3天时,在注射部位0.5cm范围内,甘露醇组和β-七叶皂苷钠组兔耳血管及周围组织的损伤均有加重:甘露醇组为血管内皮细胞破坏,血管内瘀血,周围组织炎症水肿;β-七叶皂苷钠组血管扩张及炎症反应。对照组无明显变化。第4天,甘露醇和β-七叶皂苷钠组周围组织炎症及水肿各有不同程度的恢复;第5天和第7天,甘露醇组出现2例在距离注射部位约2cm和3.5cm处,一块约1cm×1cm、另一块约0.6cm×0.4cm的局部组织坏死;而β-七叶皂苷钠无1例发生局部组织坏死。结论:甘露醇致血管出现损伤的时间较β-七叶皂苷钠延迟,但对血管和周围组织产生损伤的程度较β-七叶皂苷钠重。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the injury of rabbit ear veins and surrounding tissues caused by mannitol and sodium β-aescinate. Methods: Twelve healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 rats in each group. Mannitol group intravenous injection of 20% mannitol 5ml; β-aescinate sodium group 0.02% β-aescinate sodium 5ml; control group intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride injection 5ml. Each group were injected 2 times / d, injection of the left ear vein in the morning, injection of right ear vein in the afternoon for a total of 3 days. The damage of rabbits’ limbal veins and surrounding tissues on day 1 and day 3 and the degree of recovery on days 4 to 7 were observed. Results: The pathological sections showed no significant changes in the blood vessels and the surrounding tissues of the rabbits in the mannitol group and the control group on the first day, while the blood vessels in the ear of the β-aescinate group dilated and hemorrhaged. On the third day, the injury of the ear vessels and surrounding tissues of the mannitol group and the β-aesculin sodium group was aggravated in the range of 0.5 cm at the injection site: the damage of the vascular endothelial cells in the mannitol group, the blood stasis in the blood vessels, Tissue inflammatory edema; β-aescinate sodium group vasodilation and inflammatory response. No significant change in the control group. On day 4, the inflammation and edema around the mannitol and β-aescinate groups were restored to varying degrees. On the 5th and 7th days, 2 cases appeared in the mannitol group at about 2cm and 3.5cm away from the injection site, A piece of about 1cm × 1cm, the other piece of about 0.6cm × 0.4cm of local tissue necrosis; and β-aescin sodium in 1 case of local tissue necrosis. CONCLUSION: Mannitol-induced vascular injury is delayed compared to β-aescin sodium, but it is more potent than β-aesculin in vascular and surrounding tissues.