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目的：探讨大肠癌组织类型、临床分期与P53基因突变的相关关系。方法：采用PCR—SSCP方法对30例大肠癌P53基因突变状况进行了检测。结果：发现6例（20％）P53基因突变，其中，1例在第4外显子，5例在第5外显子，第2，3外显子未检出突变。在不同组织分化程度中，P53基因突变率分别为高分化腺癌和中分化腺癌均为1／8（12．5％），低分化腺癌为3/10（30．0％），未分化腺癌为1／4（25．0％）。在临床分期中，Dukes’B期为1／10（10．0％），C期为2／12（16．7％），D组为3／8（37．5％）。结论：P53基因突变与Dukes’分期有关，并且P53基因突变很少发生第2，3外显子。
Objective: To investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer tissue type, clinical stage and P53 gene mutation. Methods: PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the mutation of P53 gene in 30 cases of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Six cases (20%) of P53 mutations were found, of which one was in exon 4, five in exon 5, and no mutations were detected in exons 2 and 3. In the degree of differentiation of different tissues, the mutation rate of P53 gene was 1/8 (12.5%) in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 3/10 (30.0%) in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The differentiated adenocarcinoma was 1/4 (25.0%). In clinical staging, Dukes’ B stage was 1/10 (10.0%), C stage was 2/12 (16.7%), and D group was 3/8 (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: P53 mutations are associated with Dukes’ stages, and exon 2 and exon 3 mutations rarely occur in P53 mutations.