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目的了解船舶行业噪声作业工人的听力损伤状况,为企业开展噪声危害控制提供依据。方法以南通市某船舶公司2010—2012年2 336名噪声作业工人为调查对象,采用趋势卡方检验分析不同噪声强度和工龄下听力损伤情况,用非条件logistic回归模型进一步分析剔除其他因素后的作用。结果船舶作业环境噪声强度超标率为69.08%。2 336名噪声作业工人听力损伤检出率为26.88%,高频和语频听力损伤检出率分别为24.87%,8.86%。趋势卡方检验结果显示,高频和语频听力损伤检出率随着工龄和累积噪声暴露量的增加而增加,语频听力损失检出率在2010—2012年间呈下降趋势。非条件logistic回归分析显示,2012年语频损失检出率占2010年的0.45。结论船舶行业的噪声强度较大,应进一步控制生产环境噪声强度,同时继续做好作业人员个体防护及职业健康检查,争取进一步降低高频听力损伤率,从而达到语频听力损伤率的持续降低。
Objective To understand the hearing impairment of noise workers in shipping industry and provide basis for enterprises to carry out noise hazard control. Methods Totally 2 336 noise workers from a shipping company in Nantong City from 2010 to 2012 were investigated. The trend chi-squared test was used to analyze the hearing loss under different noise intensities and working age. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to further analyze the data of other noise- effect. Results The shipyard operating environment noise intensity exceeded the standard rate of 69.08%. The detection rate of hearing loss of 2 336 noise workers was 26.88%, and the detection rates of high frequency and audible hearing loss were 24.87% and 8.86% respectively. The results of trend chi-square test showed that the detection rate of hearing loss in high frequency and speech frequency increased with the increase of service life and cumulative noise exposure, and the detection rate of hearing loss in speech decreased from 2010 to 2012. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate of speech loss in 2012 accounted for 0.45 in 2010. Conclusion The noise intensity in the shipping industry is relatively large. Noise intensity in the production environment should be further controlled. At the same time, individual workers’ occupational protection and occupational health checks should be continued. In order to further reduce the high-frequency hearing loss rate, the hearing-induced hearing loss rate will continue to decrease.