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本文从最终有效产出角度,运用动态因子分析法对中国省级地方政府2001-2006年教育及民生类公共品的有效供给水平作出了综合评价.在此基础上,利用固定效应面板数据模型分析了财政分权、政府偏好等因素对教育及民生类公共品有效供给水平的影响.研究表明,财政分权与政府偏好并没有增进地方政府对教育及民生类公共品的有效供给水平,地方财政收入和城市化水平有利于增进教育及民生类公共品供给的有效性,财政转移支付、经济开放度和人口密度对教育及民生类公共品的有效供给产生负面影响.“,”From the angle of the final effective output, the paper evaluates the effectiveness index of supply of education and public goods of the people's livelihood of provincial governments in China with DFA from 2001 to 2006. Based on the score, the paper uses fixed effects panel data to analyze the impacts of fiscal decentralization, government preference and other factors on the effectiveness of supply of basic public goods. The research indicates that fiscal decentralization and government preference haven't promoted the effective supply of education and public goods of the people's livelihood of provincial governments; local fiscal revenue and urbanization make for it; the impacts of transfer payments system and economic opening and popnlation density on the effective supply of education and public goods of the people's livelihood of provincial governments were negative.