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The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus,a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclu-sively in shallow swamps,is under disputed.On the basis of comprehensive sampling program,the evolutionary history of Kurixalus is investigated based on 3 mitochondrial genes.Our results indicate that the genus Kurixalus originated in the Asian mainland and subsequently arrived at its current dis-tribution in Borneo,Taiwan,Ryukyu,and Hainan islands by a series of dispersal events.Moreover,the colonization of Taiwan from mainland Asia has occurred 2 times.The initial colonization of Taiwan occurred at 3.46-8.68 Mya(95％ highest posterior density),which rejects the hypothesis that Kurixalus probably originated from Taiwan during the early Oligocene and favors the model of Neogene-origin rather than the model of Quaternary-origin for Taiwanese Kurixalus.Kurixalus eiffingeri has dispersed from Taiwan to the Ryukyus once or 2 times pending more data.Both transoceanic dispersal and land-bridge dispersal have played a role in the colonization process;the former resulted in the colonization of Taiwan and the Ryukyus and the latter led to the colonization of Borneo and Hainan.