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目前,在中药材市场上时常出现某些贵重中药材的伪品。由于大部分伪品和其真品在外形、大小、颜色及气味等方面多较相似,再加上人为的雕刻修饰,有的伪品以块片或粉末状出现,所以仅靠传统的经验鉴别方法难以准确迅速地鉴别中药材的真伪。药材内部的显微特征是比较稳定的特征,典型的显微特征在显微镜下能很容易地观察到,因此,利用显微鉴别的方法鉴定贵重中药材是准确有效的方法之一。我们将常见的贵重药材及其伪品的典型显微特征总结如下,供有关人员在鉴别此类药材时参考。
At present, some fake Chinese herbal medicines often appear on the market of Chinese herbal medicines. Since most of the counterfeit goods and their genuine products are similar in appearance, size, color, and odor, together with artificial engraving and modification, some counterfeit goods appear as pieces or powders, so only the traditional empirical identification method is needed. It is difficult to accurately and rapidly identify the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicines. The microscopic characteristics of medicinal materials are relatively stable, and the typical microscopic features can be easily observed under a microscope. Therefore, the identification of precious Chinese medicinal materials by microscopic identification is one of the methods that is accurate and effective. We summarize the typical microscopic characteristics of the common precious herbs and their counterfeits as follows, for reference by relevant personnel in the identification of such herbs.