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在传统以及现当代的哲学讨论中,反思常被或隐或显地理解为对前反思体验的回顾性认知和描述;作为认知过去体验的方法,反思的忠实性和可靠性也遭受了质疑。本文从现象学视野出发,通过考察反思之有效性对认知模型提出批评,并借助现象学—解释学中核心的文本概念重新思考反思与反思前体验的关系。本文指出,反思并非从外部附加到反思前体验之上的高阶认知层面;相反,人类的体验内在地向反思敞开,并必然在反思中不断展现其意义。在文本模型的理解下,反思不仅具有认知价值,它更有其根本的规范—伦理维度以及独特的时间性;反思并不意在回返过去,而是让已逝的体验对反思者的当下和未来有所言说。
In traditional and contemporary philosophical discussions, reflections are often or implicitly or apparently interpreted as retrospectively cognitive and descriptive of the retrospective experience; as a means of cognizing the past experience, the loyalty and reliability of introspection also suffers question. From the perspective of phenomenology, this paper criticizes the cognitive model by examining the validity of reflection, and rethinks the relationship between reflection and pre-reflection experience with the help of phenomenology - the core text concept in hermeneutics. This paper points out that reflexivity is not externally attached to the higher cognitive level above the pre-reflection experience; instead, the human experience is intrinsically open to reflection and is bound to unveil its meaning in reflection. In the understanding of the textual model, reflection not only has cognitive value, but also has its fundamental norms - the ethical dimension and the unique temporal nature; reflection is not intended to return to the past, but to make the experience of the deceased reflect on the present and The future has something to say.