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高粱以其高产、抗旱、耐瘠、耐涝、耐盐碱的特性及秆、穗的多种用途 ,历史上一直是中国北方人民赖以生活的重要作物 ,已有 5 0 0 0年的栽培历史。 2 0世纪初至今 ,中国高粱生产大体经过了自然品种利用、杂种优势利用及栽培目的转型三个阶段。中国的高粱品种改良始于 2 0世纪初叶 ,当时仅有少数农业科研和教学单位进行高粱品种的收集、保存和研究工作。 5 0年代以后 ,全国各科研单位在系统选育新品种的基础上普遍开展杂交育种工作 ,育成不少新品种在生产上大面积推广利用。 80年代是中国高粱育种全面发展时期 ,同时也是高粱生产的转型期 ,育种目标逐步向专用型调整 ,酿造、饲用等专用高粱品种相继问世和推广 ,对酿造业和畜牧业的发展产生了积极的作用。
Sorghum has historically been an important crop inhabited by people in northern China due to its high yield, drought resistance, barren resistance, waterlogging resistance, salt tolerance and various uses of stalk and ear. It has been cultivated for 500 years history. From the beginning of the 20th century till now, the sorghum production in China has basically gone through three stages: utilization of natural varieties, utilization of heterosis and transformation of planting purposes. The improvement of sorghum varieties in China started in the early 20th century when only a few agricultural research and teaching units collected, preserved and studied sorghum varieties. Since the 1950s, various research institutes across the country have carried out hybrid breeding work on the basis of systematically breeding new varieties, and have bred a large number of new varieties for their widespread popularization and utilization. The 1980s was an all-round development of sorghum breeding in China and also a transition period for sorghum production. The goal of breeding was gradually changed to special-purpose adjustment. Special sorghum varieties such as brewing and fodder were successively introduced and popularized, which had a positive impact on the development of brewing and livestock husbandry Role.