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一、统配化肥价格走入困谷现行统配化肥作价,基本上是执行建国初期延续下来的低价薄利、保本经营的价格政策。这种政策的制定在当时有着特殊的条件和背景:其一,建国初期化肥应用还不普及,农民习惯于施用农家肥,为了提高土地集约化经营程度,提高粮食产量,国家制定了化肥低价政策,鼓励农民购买和使用化肥;其二,当时是产品经济指导思想,忽视价值规律的作用,化肥调拨价格只计费用不计利润,化肥的价格和价值相背离;其三,国家对化肥的生产和销售给予了一定的优惠条件,对其亏损也给予相应的补贴,化肥的低价政策有一定的条件作保证。时过境迁,随着经济的发展和改革的深入,统配化肥的现行作价原则和作价办法与现实
First, the price of integrated fertilizers has entered the trapped valley. The current unified fertilizer price is basically the implementation of the price policy of low-price, small profits and capital-conserving operations that continued in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The formulation of such policies had special conditions and backgrounds at that time: First, the application of chemical fertilizers was not widespread during the early years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Farmers were accustomed to applying farmyard fertilizers. In order to increase the degree of intensive land management and increase grain production, the country formulated low prices for chemical fertilizers. Policies to encourage farmers to purchase and use chemical fertilizers; Second, at that time, they were product economic guiding ideology, ignoring the role of value laws, and the allocation of fertilizer prices only included costs that did not account for profits; the price and value of chemical fertilizers deviated from each other; and third, the state’s use of chemical fertilizers. Production and sales are given certain preferential conditions, and corresponding losses are also provided for their losses. The low-cost policies for fertilizers have certain conditions for guarantee. Over time, with the development of economy and the deepening of reforms, the current pricing principles and pricing methods and reality