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目的了解北京市房山区腹泻患者的病原谱情况,为肠道传染病的防治工作提供依据。方法在房山区2家二级医院收集未用抗生素的腹泻患者肛拭子和粪便标本,进行志贺菌、沙门菌、副溶血弧菌、5种致泻性大肠埃希菌及轮状病毒和诺如病毒的分离培养和鉴定。结果共收集377例腹泻患者的标本,其中男性217例,女性160例;20~39岁患者占56.23%。检出肠道致病菌58株,检出率为15.38%。其中副溶血弧菌24株(41.38%);致泻性大肠杆菌19株(32.76%),包括肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)12株,肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)5株,肠粘附性大肠杆菌(EAEC)2株;沙门菌14株(24.2%),优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌。检出肠道腹泻病毒42株(11.14%),其中诺如病毒GII型最多,30株。职业分布居于前3位的为:干部职员30例(31.25%),学生11例(11.46%),家务及待业11例(11.46%)。腹泻致病菌检出时间主要分布于夏秋季,检出高峰为6—9月。腹泻病毒检出高峰为3—5月。结论房山区腹泻患者病原菌种类多,应在继续加强监测的同时开展宣传教育。
Objective To understand the pathogenic spectrum of diarrhea patients in Fangshan District of Beijing and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases. Methods Rectal swabs and stool samples from diarrhea patients without antibiotics were collected from two second-class hospitals in Fangshan District for Shigella, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, five diarrheal Escherichia coli and rotavirus Isolation and identification of Norovirus. Results A total of 377 diarrhea patients were collected, including 217 males and 160 females, 56.23% of whom were 20-39 years old. 58 strains of enteric pathogens were detected, the detection rate was 15.38%. Among them, 24 (41.38%) were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 19 (32.76%) were diarrheal Escherichia coli, including 12 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), 5 strains of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) 2 strains of Escherichia coli (EAEC); 14 strains of Salmonella (24.2%), the dominant serotype was Salmonella enteritidis. Forty-two strains of enteric diarrhea virus (11.14%) were detected, of which, norovirus type GII was the most, 30 strains. The top 3 occupations are: 30 cadres (31.25%), 11 students (11.46%), 11 domestic workers and 11 unemployed (11.46%). Diarrhea pathogens detected mainly in summer and autumn, the peak was detected from June to September. Diarrhea virus detection peak for March-May. Conclusion There are many kinds of pathogens in patients with diarrhea in Fangshan District. Publicity and education should be carried out while continuing to strengthen monitoring.