论文部分内容阅读
在发达国家,积累了企业、组织和商品生产者应用市场机制的一整套丰富的方法。近数十年来,这些方法日益完善和适应经济发展的需要及各国参加国际分工的条件。近20—30年来,企业参加市场经济的方法和形式发生了变化。在许多国家里,国家以过去从未有过的方法积极影响经济。这不仅是指一部分企业归国家所有,而且是指创造使企业能够按社会所需要的方向活动的环境和经济气候。同时,国家又不直接干涉企业的活动。世界经验还表明,许多资本主义国家在人们的社会保障方面取得了一定的成就,建立了产品生产和分配的有效杠杆,以保证劳动群众不受市场波动影响而有一定的收入水平。
In developed countries, a rich set of methods has been accumulated for the application of market mechanisms by enterprises, organizations and commodity producers. In recent decades, these methods have been increasingly refined and adapted to the needs of economic development and the conditions for participating in the international division of labor. In the past 20-30 years, the ways and forms of enterprises participating in a market economy have changed. In many countries, the state has a positive influence on the economy in ways that have never existed before. This means not only that a part of the enterprises are owned by the state but also the environment and economic climate that enable enterprises to act in the direction required by society. At the same time, the state does not directly interfere in the activities of enterprises. World experience also shows that many capitalist countries have made some achievements in people’s social security and have established effective levers for the production and distribution of products so as to ensure that the working people have a certain income level without being affected by market fluctuations.