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why是一个常用词,它在中学英语教材中使用得非常广。该词的词性也较多,可以作疑问副词、关系副词、名词和感叹词。其特殊用法较多,也较难掌握。现对why的特殊用法分述于下:
1.why 不带to的动词不定式可以用来引导疑问句。这种提问常表示做某事是愚蠢的、无意的或不必要的。
Why pay more at other shops?
为什么到别的商店去多花钱呢?
Why stand up if you can sit down?
要是你能坐下,为什么站着?
Why argue with him ? He’ ll never change his mind.
为什么要跟他争论?他永远不会改变看法的。
Why ask me? Why,then,wait?问我干什么?那么,还等什么呢?
注:如果这种句子不带情绪色彩,而不定式带情态意义时,则可用带to的不定式:
What to do next?( =What are we to do next ? )
我们下一步该怎么办呢?
2.Why not 不带to的动词不定式的用法:
(1)表示提出建议或劝告:
Why not let lend you some money ?
Why not take a holiday ?
Why not join us ? 这种句子也可以写为:
Why don’t you join us?
注:a.why not后可接名词:
Why not just a flower ?
b.why not后可接名词词组:
Why not a cup of tea ?
c.why not后可接动名词短语:
Why not going to the park?
还有Why not go there?这种问句所表示的时间是过去还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
(2)表示赞同:
A:I’ m going to put this whole weekend down , minute by minute.
B:Why not ? 对嘛。
A:Will you come ?
B:Yes, why not ?
(3) why not = why should ...not(是的,会来的.)
A:You shouldn’t smoke ,
B:Why not?( = Why shouldn’t I smoke?)
A:The bath - house won’t open today .
B:But why not?
Could they agree with one another as to what an elephant was like ? Why not ?
3.why so=Why ( do you say-) so ?
I cannot think why you like him so ?
Why do you think so ?(= What makes you think so?)
Why is it so difficult to learn English ?
4.why作名词表示理由或原因:
I cannot explain why.
The man cannot start the car.Tom knows why.
Let us see why and how.
Tell me all the whys and wherefores.
5.why 否定式谓语一般用现在时表示将来。
Why don’t you all come to my college next Tuesday ?
你们下星期二都到学校来不好吗?
We are going to have a walk in the county.
Why don’t you come either?
Why don’t you try again?
注:这种句子的现在时也可以表示立即的将来:
Why don’t you go? 你怎么不去?
I haven’t quite finished my tea yet.
Why don’t you go and see the doctor?
6.why所引出的问句中,常用一般现在时表示刚过去的事:
Why do you sigh?你为什么叹气?
Why on earth do you say that?
注:Why ask me ? 这种问句所表示的时间,是过去时还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
7.Why should的用法:
(1)Why should...?表示“不能理解”之意:
Why should it get colder when we go up a mountain ?
You’re getting , nearer to the sun. 爬山的时候,为什么越来越冷呢?不是离太阳越来越近吗?
Why should you ride in a carriage with the best of them ?
(2)Why should...?表示恼怒和生气:
-- Give me a cigarette.-- Why should I ?
——给我一支烟。——为什么要给你?
8.Why作感叹词用表示吃惊、承认、轻微的抗议和反对等:
Why that’s John over there.嗨,约翰在那儿。
Why don’t you know me ? 啊,你难道不认识我吗?
Why you’ re right , maybe.咳,恐怕你是对的罗。
9.Why should ...not ...?
在修饰“I see no reason ...There is no reason ...”之类的句子时,须用why one should的正常语序;单独使用时,仍用问句语序:
There is no reason )Why should I not ride in a taxi ? (倒装)
There is no reason why he should refuse.( = There is on reason for his refusing).(正常)
10.the reason why:
关系副词可以省去先行词,如:
Tell me ( the reason ) why you came.
That’s ( the reason ) why you went.
最后应说明的是,在下列两种情况下不能用Why:
1.在带to的动词不定式前不能加why组成动词不定式短语;其它疑问代词( who,what, whom, which, whose,whether)和疑问副词( when, where,how)可以加在带有to的动词不定式前构成动词不定式短语。
2.在非限定性定语从句中一般不用why引导(其它关系词可以引导)。
1.why 不带to的动词不定式可以用来引导疑问句。这种提问常表示做某事是愚蠢的、无意的或不必要的。
Why pay more at other shops?
为什么到别的商店去多花钱呢?
Why stand up if you can sit down?
要是你能坐下,为什么站着?
Why argue with him ? He’ ll never change his mind.
为什么要跟他争论?他永远不会改变看法的。
Why ask me? Why,then,wait?问我干什么?那么,还等什么呢?
注:如果这种句子不带情绪色彩,而不定式带情态意义时,则可用带to的不定式:
What to do next?( =What are we to do next ? )
我们下一步该怎么办呢?
2.Why not 不带to的动词不定式的用法:
(1)表示提出建议或劝告:
Why not let lend you some money ?
Why not take a holiday ?
Why not join us ? 这种句子也可以写为:
Why don’t you join us?
注:a.why not后可接名词:
Why not just a flower ?
b.why not后可接名词词组:
Why not a cup of tea ?
c.why not后可接动名词短语:
Why not going to the park?
还有Why not go there?这种问句所表示的时间是过去还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
(2)表示赞同:
A:I’ m going to put this whole weekend down , minute by minute.
B:Why not ? 对嘛。
A:Will you come ?
B:Yes, why not ?
(3) why not = why should ...not(是的,会来的.)
A:You shouldn’t smoke ,
B:Why not?( = Why shouldn’t I smoke?)
A:The bath - house won’t open today .
B:But why not?
Could they agree with one another as to what an elephant was like ? Why not ?
3.why so=Why ( do you say-) so ?
I cannot think why you like him so ?
Why do you think so ?(= What makes you think so?)
Why is it so difficult to learn English ?
4.why作名词表示理由或原因:
I cannot explain why.
The man cannot start the car.Tom knows why.
Let us see why and how.
Tell me all the whys and wherefores.
5.why 否定式谓语一般用现在时表示将来。
Why don’t you all come to my college next Tuesday ?
你们下星期二都到学校来不好吗?
We are going to have a walk in the county.
Why don’t you come either?
Why don’t you try again?
注:这种句子的现在时也可以表示立即的将来:
Why don’t you go? 你怎么不去?
I haven’t quite finished my tea yet.
Why don’t you go and see the doctor?
6.why所引出的问句中,常用一般现在时表示刚过去的事:
Why do you sigh?你为什么叹气?
Why on earth do you say that?
注:Why ask me ? 这种问句所表示的时间,是过去时还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
7.Why should的用法:
(1)Why should...?表示“不能理解”之意:
Why should it get colder when we go up a mountain ?
You’re getting , nearer to the sun. 爬山的时候,为什么越来越冷呢?不是离太阳越来越近吗?
Why should you ride in a carriage with the best of them ?
(2)Why should...?表示恼怒和生气:
-- Give me a cigarette.-- Why should I ?
——给我一支烟。——为什么要给你?
8.Why作感叹词用表示吃惊、承认、轻微的抗议和反对等:
Why that’s John over there.嗨,约翰在那儿。
Why don’t you know me ? 啊,你难道不认识我吗?
Why you’ re right , maybe.咳,恐怕你是对的罗。
9.Why should ...not ...?
在修饰“I see no reason ...There is no reason ...”之类的句子时,须用why one should的正常语序;单独使用时,仍用问句语序:
There is no reason )Why should I not ride in a taxi ? (倒装)
There is no reason why he should refuse.( = There is on reason for his refusing).(正常)
10.the reason why:
关系副词可以省去先行词,如:
Tell me ( the reason ) why you came.
That’s ( the reason ) why you went.
最后应说明的是,在下列两种情况下不能用Why:
1.在带to的动词不定式前不能加why组成动词不定式短语;其它疑问代词( who,what, whom, which, whose,whether)和疑问副词( when, where,how)可以加在带有to的动词不定式前构成动词不定式短语。
2.在非限定性定语从句中一般不用why引导(其它关系词可以引导)。