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目的 分析纤维支气管镜下正气道病变的表现和临床特征。方法 回顾性分析我院1983年至2000年1月间有详细内镜资料及临床资料的正气道病变52例。结果 临床特征无特异性,咳嗽、咯痰最为常见(69.2％),呼吸困难和咯血分别占53.8％和21.2％。早期可无明显体征,病变发展时表现为吸气性呼吸困难。胸片常不能发现早期病变,而气管体层摄影、胸部CT扫描及流速容量环变化有助于诊断。纤支镜检查是获得诊断的重要检查方法,活检病理诊断率71.2％(37/52)。病变局限于正气管者37例,弥漫分布者15例。病灶形态分为桑葚型(19例)、结节型(25例)和粘膜增厚型(8例)。结论 纤维支气管镜对提高正气道病变的诊断率和改善预后有重要价值。
Objective To analyze the manifestations and clinical features of positive airway diseases under fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Methods A retrospective analysis of our hospital from 1983 to January 2000 with detailed endoscopic data and clinical data of 52 cases of positive airway disease. Results The clinical features were nonspecific. Cough and expectoration were the most common (69.2%), dyspnea and hemoptysis were 53.8% and 21.2% respectively. No obvious signs of early, lesions showed aspiration breathing difficulties. Chest radiographs often fail to detect early lesions, and tracheal tomography, chest CT scans, and changes in volume flow ring help to diagnose. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic method, biopsy pathological diagnosis rate was 71.2% (37/52). 37 cases of lesions limited to the right airway, diffuse distribution in 15 cases. Morphology was divided into morula (n = 19), nodular (n = 25) and mucosal thickening (n = 8). Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is of great value in improving the diagnosis rate of positive airway disease and improving prognosis.