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在当代发展中国家中,拉丁美洲国家的工业化起步较早。拉美经济学界占主导地位的看法是,一部分拉美国家的工业化进程始于本世纪20～30年代。第一次世界大战和30年代的资本主义经济危机,从两个不同侧面沉重地打击了拉美国家以出口初级产品换取外部工业品的“外向发展”模式:世界性战争使外部工业品供应发生困难;30年代的危机造成拉美初级产品出口萎缩,进口能力下降。此外,资本主义的主要经济中心也在20年代从对外部原料依赖较大的英国转移到了国内自然资源丰富的美国。上述诸种因素就促使部分拉美国家主要依靠自己生产日用工业品来供应国内市场,即开始了所谓“自发的”替代进口工业化。
Among the contemporary developing countries, the industrialization of Latin American countries started earlier. The predominant position of Latin American economists is that a part of the Latin American countries started their industrialization in the 1920s and 1930s. The economic crisis of the First World War and the capitalist crisis of the 1930s severely attacked the “outward development” mode of Latin American countries in exporting primary products in exchange for external industrial products from two different sides: the world war made it difficult to supply external industrial goods; The crisis of the 1930s led to the decline of the export of primary products in Latin America and the decrease of import capacity. In addition, the main economic center of capitalism was also shifted from the United Kingdom, which relied more on external raw materials, to the natural resource-rich United States in the 1920s. All these factors have prompted some Latin American countries to rely mainly on their daily production of industrial products to supply the domestic market, starting the so-called “spontaneous” substitution of imported products for industrialization.