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[目的]从作物需水规律出发,研究不同埋深浅层地下水对作物需水的补给模式及对作物蒸散的影响。[方法]设计5个地下水埋深处理,于2008～2009年采用底部密封的试桶进行不同地下水埋深条件下春小麦全生育期潜水蒸发试验。[结果]不同埋深地下水对作物生长以及田间蒸发散具有显著的影响,补给占ET总量的比重从0到52.0%不等;地下水埋深较浅时,影响地下水对作物补给的主要因素是大气蒸散能力和作物根层深度,埋深较大时则主要受到地下水位的控制。[结论]揭示了不同埋深条件下潜水补给包气带及作物需水的机理及模式,为合理高效利用浅层地下水资源、优化春小麦灌溉制度提供依据。
[Objective] Based on the rule of crop water demand, the paper studied the recharge mode of crop water and the effect on crop evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater with different burial depths. [Method] Five groundwater depth treatments were designed. From 2008 to 2009, the bottom-sealed test drums were used to conduct the submersion evaporation tests of spring wheat during the whole growth period under different groundwater depths. [Result] The groundwater with different burial depth had a significant effect on crop growth and field evapotranspiration. The proportion of recharge to total ET ranged from 0 to 52.0%. When the groundwater depth was shallow, the main factors that affected the recharge of groundwater were Atmospheric evapotranspiration and root depth of the crop are mainly controlled by the groundwater level when the burial depth is large. [Conclusion] The mechanism and modes of water supply and crop water requirement for submersible recharge packs under different burial depths were revealed, which provided the basis for rational and efficient utilization of shallow groundwater resources and optimization of irrigation systems for spring wheat.