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近年来获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS艾滋病)已成为日趋严重危害人类健康的重要问题。对这种超越国界、发展迅猛的传染病应采取跨地区、跨国境的联合防治措施,建立全球性的防治体系和网络,才能有效地遏制其蔓延。 1 病因及流行病学分布 获得性免疫缺陷综合症是人体免疫功能产生缺陷,丧失对微生物的抵抗能力,是一种致死性疾病。美国疾病控制中心现对疾病规定的定义是:确诊中等程度以上的细胞免疫功能低下的疾病,而不存在已知原因引起的免疫缺陷,包括免疫抑制疗法等均属该病范畴。对表现出一种或多种上述并发症者为”症状完全性艾滋病”;对生活在艾滋病好发人群中仅表现出来的全身淋巴结肿大、不明原因的进行性消瘦、发热、慢性腹泻、嗜睡、淋巴细胞指数降低、不明原因的血小板减少及口腔白色念珠菌感染等症状者,则命名为“相关型艾滋病”。
In recent years, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become an important issue that increasingly threatens human health. For such infectious diseases that transcend national boundaries and develop rapidly, cross-regional and cross-border joint prevention and control measures should be taken to establish a global prevention and control system and network so as to effectively curb its spread. 1 Etiology and epidemiological distribution Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a deficiency in human immune function, loss of resistance to microorganisms, and is a lethal disease. The US Centers for Disease Control now defines the disease as follows: A patient with a moderately high level of cell-mediated immunodeficiency has been diagnosed. There are no known immunological defects, including immunosuppressive therapy. Those who exhibit one or more of the above-mentioned complications are “symptomatic complete AIDS”; only generalized lymphadenopathy, unexplained progressive wasting, fever, chronic diarrhea, lethargy manifested in people living with AIDS Those with symptoms such as reduced lymphocyte index, unexplained thrombocytopenia, and oral Candida albicans infection were named “associated AIDS.”