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目的探讨影响工人职业倦怠的相关因素。方法对某中外合资制造厂所有635名工人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括:社会人口学资料、个人噪声暴露史;职业倦怠通用量表;社会支持评定量表;简易应对方式量表;一般自我效能感量表等。结果 (1)性别、婚姻状况、工作性质、文化程度、工作环境噪声水平对职业倦怠的各个维度有影响(P<0.05)。(2)自我效能感、积极应对、社会支持与职业倦怠呈负相关,消极应对与职业倦怠呈正相关(P<0.05)。(3)多重线性回归显示:主观支持、消极应对、积极应对、客观支持、一线工作员工、本科以上文化水平对情绪衰竭有显著影响(P<0.05);社会支持利用、消极应对、积极应对、客观支持对消极倦怠有显著影响(P<0.05);自我效能、积极应对、消极应对、主观支持对职业效能有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论婚姻状况、文化程度、工作性质、工作环境等是职业倦怠的重要影响因素。提高工人的自我效能感、帮助建立积极的应对方式、增加社会支持可以减轻职业倦怠。
Objective To explore the factors that affect the occupational burnout of workers. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among all 635 workers in a Chinese-foreign joint venture manufacturing factory. The survey includes: social demography data, history of personal noise exposure, general scale of job burnout, social support rating scale, simple coping style scale, general self-efficacy Sense of scale and so on. Results (1) The gender, marital status, nature of work, education level and work environment noise level affected all dimensions of job burnout (P <0.05). (2) Self-efficacy, positive coping, social support and job burnout were negatively correlated, while negative coping and job burnout were positively correlated (P <0.05). (3) Multiple linear regression showed that subjective support, negative coping, positive coping, objective support, front-line staff, undergraduate education level had a significant impact on emotional exhaustion (P <0.05); social support utilization, negative coping, positive coping, Objective support has a significant impact on negative burnout (P <0.05); self-efficacy, positive coping, negative coping, and subjective support have significant effects on occupational efficacy (P <0.05). Conclusion Marital status, educational level, nature of work, working environment and so on are important influencing factors of job burnout. Improve workers’ self-efficacy, help to establish a positive coping style, and increase social support can reduce job burnout.