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于2007—2012年在黄土旱塬采用田间试验,比较了双垄面全膜覆盖沟播、双垄面半膜覆盖沟播、垄盖膜际播种和露地平播下,玉米叶绿素荧光动力学参数、产量和水分利用效率的差异.结果表明:全膜双垄沟播玉米叶片荧光产量(F o)、最大荧光(F m)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(F v/F m)、光适应状态下PSⅡ反应中心完全开放时的荧光强度(F)、光适应状态下PSⅡ反应中心完全关闭时的荧光强度(F m’)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭(q P)、非光化学猝灭(q N)等玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化值均高于对照(露地平播),1-q P值低于对照,在13:00时,全膜双垄沟播处理叶绿素荧光参数值与对照差异显著,依次较对照增加5.3%、56.8%、10.7%、36.3%、23.6%、56.7%、64.4%、45.5%、23.6%,1-q P值较对照低55.6%.无论是在干旱、平水、丰水年份,还是冰雹灾害年份,全膜双垄沟播产量和水分利用效率均最高.2007—2012年6年间全膜双垄沟播平均产量和水分利用效率分别为12650 kg·hm-2和40.4 kg·mm-1·hm-2,分别比对照提高57.8%和61.6%,显著高于双垄面半膜覆盖沟播和垄盖膜际播种.表明全膜双垄沟播显著提高了玉米叶片光能转化效率,提升了旱作区玉米的生产能力,是进一步挖掘降水利用潜力和高产田创建的有效途径.
A field experiment was conducted in the loess plateau between 2007 and 2012 to compare the effects of double-ridged mulching with full mulching, double-mulching mulching with semi-mulching, ridge mulching and open-field mulching on maize chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters (F o), maximum fluorescence (F m) and maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (F v / F m) were measured in the whole film with double furrow irrigation. Under light adaptation The fluorescence intensity (F), the fluorescence intensity (F m ’), the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), the photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), the chlorophyll fluorescence photochemistry The diurnal variation of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as qP and qN were higher than that of the control (open field), and the 1-qP value was lower than the control at 13:00 The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter value of double-ridge furrow sowing treatment was significantly different from the control, which was 5.3%, 56.8%, 10.7%, 36.3%, 23.6%, 56.7%, 64.4%, 45.5%, 23.6% 55.6% lower than the control.Whether in the drought, flat water, wet years, or hail disaster years, all The highest sowing yield and water use efficiency were observed in double ridge furrows.The average yield and water use efficiency of sowing by double-ridge furrow were 12650 kg · hm-2 and 40.4 kg · mm-1 · hm-2 respectively from 2007 to 2012, The contrast increased by 57.8% and 61.6%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the half-film mulching and the mulch film mulching.It showed that the mulching with double-ridge furrows significantly increased the light energy conversion efficiency of maize leaves and promoted the production of maize Ability is an effective way to further tap the potential of precipitation utilization and high yield fields.