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以SSR标记为技术手段,利用20对核心引物,构建吉林省2005～2009年审定的174份普通玉米新品种的DNA指纹数据库,同时分析不同年份间审定品种的等位基因频率、等位基因数目、多态性信息指数的变化。结果表明,2005～2009年供试174份材料的平均等位基因数目略有下降,但平均多态性信息指数没有明显变化,不同年份间玉米品种的个别等位基因频率变化比较明显,分析可能在育种过程中人为施加了较强的定向选择而保留了下来,说明随着年份的变化,个别稀有等位基因可能在减少,但遗传多样性并没有降低。同时说明在评价玉米品种遗传多样性变化时,多态性信息指数反映的应该更加客观一些。吉林省玉米品种不同年度间的遗传多样性无明显变化,说明近些年吉林省审定的品种在育种资源、育种模式以及育种方向上变化较小,没有较大的突破。
Using SSR markers as the technical means, the DNA fingerprinting database of 174 common maize varieties validated in Jilin province from 2005 to 2009 was constructed by using 20 pairs of core primers. At the same time, the allele frequency, number of alleles , Polymorphism information index changes. The results showed that the average number of alleles in 174 samples decreased slightly from 2005 to 2009, but the average polymorphism information index did not change significantly. The frequency of individual alleles in maize varieties was significantly different in different years, which may be analyzed In the breeding process, artificially imposed strong directional selection was preserved, indicating that individual rare alleles may decrease as the years change, but genetic diversity did not decrease. At the same time, the index of polymorphic information should be more objective when evaluating the genetic diversity of maize varieties. The genetic diversity of maize cultivars in Jilin Province did not change significantly in different years, which indicated that the varieties examined and approved in Jilin Province in recent years showed little change in breeding resources, breeding patterns and breeding directions, and no major breakthroughs were made.