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为了加强医学教育质量保障体系建设，服务我国医学教育改革与发展，全国医学教育发展中心立项“中国医学教育质量监测与评价”课题。课题组发起中国医学生培养与发展调查(China medical students survey, CMSS)，并于2019年完成了临床医学专业本科毕业生的首次调查。本文论述了CMSS的背景，CMSS问卷的设计理念、框架和2019年调查实施情况。从调查结果看，CMSS问卷中的12个量表均具有较好的信度和效度。CMSS调查结果有助于反映我国临床医学生的培养与发展状况，有助于全面评价我国医学教育教学质量。“,”In order to strengthen the construction of medical education quality assurance system and to support the reformation and development of medical education in China, the National Center of Health Professions Education Development set up the research project named “Quality monitoring and evaluation of clinical medical education in China” in 2019. The first Survey of China's medical undergraduate, namely the China medical students survey (CMSS), was implemented in 2019. This paper describes the background of CMSS, the design rationale and the framework of CMSS questionnaire, and the implementation of the project. From the survey results, the 12 scales in the CMSS questionnaire have good reliability and validity. The CMSS results are helpful to present the cultivation and development of medical students in China, and the quality evaluation of clinical medical education in China.