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新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)是目前世界多国共同面临的最严重的突发公共卫生事件。2020年3月，国际病毒分类委员会将引发COVID-19的冠状病毒正式命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)。尽管针对COVID-19的研究正在广泛开展，至今却仍无疗效明确的药物或者疫苗问世。尤其是针对此新型病毒免疫机制的研究尚处空白。结合以往严重病毒感染引发的免疫不良反应，以下概述抗体依赖性感染增强作用(antibody dependent enhancement，ADE)的概念及发病机制及其在冠状病毒(SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV)中的研究现状，旨在为COVID-19的防治提供潜在思路。“,”Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)is the most serious public health emergency event in worldwide. In March 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) formally named the virus causing COVID-19 as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although researches of COVID-19 are being carried out widely, but there is no proven cure or vaccine to date. Specially, studies of immunity are still lacking. Considering the immune effects of previous severe viral infections, we aim to overview the concept of antibody dependent enhancement(ADE) and its pathogenesis of coronavirus virus(SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV)infection. Then, to provide a potential idea for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.