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中药五味子是临床治疗中的一味常用药,它具有敛肺、滋肾、生律敛汗、涩精、止泻、宁心安神等功效。常作为方药中的佐药用于治疗多种疾病,目前用量常为2～6克。然而,在《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》中张仲景对五味子的应用却别具一格。张仲景认为凡“咳”者,均可加入五味子;反之,症状不及于“咳”的各方就不用五味子。笔者推度张仲景用五味子是取其收敛性镇咳祛痰的作用。在张仲景方中,五味子和干姜、细辛配伍为最
Traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra is blindly used in clinical treatment. It has the functions of converging the lungs, nourishing the kidneys, gathering sweat, astringent essence, diarrhea, and tranquilizing nerves. Often used as an adjunct in prescriptions for the treatment of various diseases, the current dosage is often 2 to 6 grams. However, Zhang Zhongjing’s application of Schisandra in “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” and “Golden Chamber Outline” is unique. Zhang Zhongjing believes that those who have “cough” can join Schisandra. On the other hand, those who do not have symptoms that are “cough” do not need Schisandra. The author deduces Zhang Zhongjing’s use of Schisandra to take its astringent antitussive and expectorant effect. In Zhang Zhongjing’s Fang, Schisandra is the most compatible with dried ginger and Asarum.