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长期以来,有关中国能源开采产业效率的研究常在与其它工业行业相同的框架下进行,而忽略了该行业的“异质性”问题。本文基于成本函数的对偶测度方法,将能源开采业中资源耗减、资本投入产出滞后和需求因素纳入其全要素生产率测度框架,构建了包括传统的技术进步和规模报酬在内的更为全面的全要素生产率测度框架;并以煤炭行业和石油与天然气行业为例,以1999—2010年省级面板数据为样本进行了实证研究。结果表明:资源耗减和产出滞后因素对TFP影响显著,纳入这两个因素的测度模型具有相对更优的统计性质,而忽略这两个因素将使结果出现偏差;且样本期间两行业的生产效率均具有显著增长,年均增长率分别达17.00%和3.88%,其中需求和规模报酬对其增长贡献最大。
For a long time, research on the efficiency of China’s energy extraction industry has often been conducted under the same framework as other industrial sectors while ignoring the “heterogeneity” problem in the industry. Based on the dual measure of cost function, this paper takes the resource depletion, capital input-output lag and demand factor into its total factor productivity measurement framework in the energy mining industry, and builds a more comprehensive evaluation framework including traditional technology progress and scale compensation The TFP measurement framework is taken as an example. Taking the coal industry and the oil and gas industry as an example, an empirical study is carried out using the provincial panel data from 1999 to 2010 as a sample. The results show that the resource depletion and output lag factors have a significant impact on TFP. The measurement models incorporating these two factors have relatively better statistical properties, while ignoring these two factors will lead to bias in the results. Moreover, The production efficiency has significantly increased with an average annual growth rate of 17.00% and 3.88%, respectively, of which demand and returns on scale contribute the most to its growth.