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人类砷暴露可以通过空气、饮用水和食物等途径。运用ICP-MS方法分析了四个采样点河曲(Hequ,HQ)、石嘴山(Shizuishan,SZS)、中卫(Zhongwei,ZW)和临夏(Linxia,LX)的69份当地居民发样及四个黄河过滤水样的总砷含量,探究了头发中砷水平在不同性别及年龄中的差异,并对发样中砷与水样中砷的相关性进行了分析。人发样品采用微波消解方法进行前处理,消解效果良好。结果表明,该方法准确度及精密度良好,回收率为90.1%~101.9%,RSD值为2.9%~4.2%。结果显示,该研究地区居民发样砷含量范围为0.01~1.73μg·g-1,平均值为0.33μg·g-1,不同采样点的砷含量顺序为ZW>HQ>LX>SZS。Kruskal Wallis检验显示该文中不同采样点发样砷含量存在显著性差异(p=0.010),说明研究地区的生活区域对居民发样砷含量具有影响,而不同性别(p=0.158)和不同年龄(p=0.159)组居民发样砷含量无明显差异,但男性发砷平均值含量高于女性,不同年龄组间呈现发样砷含量随年龄增大而下降的趋势。与文献相比,该研究发样砷含量较高于多数地区而明显低于地方性砷中毒区域。黄河水样中砷含量范围为2.31~10.41μg·L-1。与黄河下游等地区相比砷含量较高,但未超出地表水环境Ⅲ类标准。Pearson相关性系数表明,水中砷元素与铅、铜、铬、镉等元素均具有相关性,与人发砷含量具有显著正相关。总之,采样点附近居民具有较高砷暴露风险,且该风险可能来自于工农业排放。研究结果为甘宁蒙等西北民族地区重金属污染研究提供实验数据和理论依据。
Human arsenic exposure can be through the air, drinking water and food and other means. The ICP-MS method was used to analyze 69 samples of local residents in Hequ, HQ, Shizuishan (SZS), Zhongwei (ZW) and Linxia (LX) The total arsenic content in water samples was used to investigate the differences in the levels of arsenic in hair between different sexes and ages. The correlations between arsenic levels in arsenic samples and arsenic in water samples were also analyzed. Human hair samples using microwave digestion pretreatment, digestion effect is good. The results show that the method has good accuracy and precision, and the recoveries are 90.1% ~ 101.9% with RSD values of 2.9% ~ 4.2%. The results showed that the arsenic content of residents in this study ranged from 0.01 to 1.73 μg · g-1 with an average of 0.33 μg · g-1, and the order of arsenic content was ZW> HQ> LX> SZS at different sampling sites. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.010) in the arsenic content of different sampling points in this paper, indicating that the living area in the study area had an impact on the arsenic content of residents, but different genders (p = 0.158) p = 0.159). However, the average content of arsenic in men was higher than that of women, and the content of arsenic in different age groups showed a trend of decreasing with increasing age. Compared with the literature, the arsenic content in this study was significantly higher than that in most areas and significantly lower than that in endemic arsenic poisoning areas. The arsenic content of the Yellow River water samples ranged from 2.31 to 10.41 μg · L-1. Compared with the Lower Yellow River and other regions, the arsenic content is higher, but it does not exceed Grade III standard of surface water environment. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that arsenic in water was related to lead, copper, chromium, cadmium and other elements, and had a significant positive correlation with human hair arsenic content. In summary, residents near the sampling site have a higher risk of arsenic exposure, and the risk may come from industrial and agricultural emissions. The results provide experimental data and theoretical basis for the study of heavy metal pollution in Northwest Ningxia and other ethnic regions.