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目的了解中小学生体育课卫生评价现状,为学校体育教学提供理论依据。方法选取东城区3所小学、4所中学,年龄在9~10岁的四、五年级学生30人,及年龄在12~13岁的初一、初二40人,共计70名学生作为研究对象。经复核,其中小学30人(男15人,女15人),中学34人(男17人,女17人)共计64人的测试数据有效,观察并记录体育课过程中学生的面色、呼吸状况、脉搏变化以及体育项目的时间安排。结果体育课各部分时间分配基本合理,小学的体育课密度处于适宜范围(30%~40%)的占26.67%,中学占29.41%;体育课的运动负荷变化基本符合运动生理要求。但无论是小学还是中学,男、女生课后10 min脉搏均未恢复到安静状态时的脉搏(P值均<0.05)。小学男、女生体育课的平均脉搏低于相应要求(130~170次/min)的分别占66.67%和46.67%,中学生低于此范围的分别占47.06%和35.29%;80%左右中小学生的脉搏指数在1.2~1.6之间,运动负荷强度偏低。结论在保证教学要求的前提下,应通过改进教学方式,激发学生对体育锻炼的兴趣和爱好,科学安排授课内容、体育课密度和强度,以达到体育课运动生理负荷要求。
Objective To understand the status quo of health assessment of primary and secondary school PE teachers and to provide a theoretical basis for PE teaching in schools. Methods A total of 70 students from 30 elementary schools and 4 middle schools in Dongcheng District, 30 students of grade 4 and 5 who are 9 to 10 years old and 40 students of the first and second days of 12 to 13 years old were selected . After review, the test data of a total of 64 people including 30 primary and secondary school students (15 males and 15 females) and 34 middle school students (17 males and 17 females) were valid. Students’ facial features, respiratory status, Pulse changes and the timing of sports events. Results The distribution of time in all parts of PE classes was basically reasonable. The density of PE classes in primary schools was 26.67% in the suitable range (30% ~ 40%) and 29.41% in secondary schools. The changes of sports load in PE classes basically met the requirements of sports physiology. However, no matter in primary or secondary schools, the pulse of the male and female 10-min minuses did not return to a quiet state after the training (P <0.05). The average pulse rate of primary and secondary school students in PE class is 66.67% and 46.67% less than the corresponding requirement (130 ~ 170 times / min), 47.06% and 35.29%, respectively, in secondary school students, and 80% of primary and secondary students Pulse index between 1.2 to 1.6, the exercise load intensity is low. Conclusions On the premise of ensuring the teaching requirements, we should improve the teaching methods, stimulate the students’ interest and hobby in physical exercises, and arrange the content of courses in science, the density and intensity of physical education in order to achieve the physiological load requirements of physical education.