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一、西周封建占有制及其剥削形式封建初期土地占有制度,主要为井田.谈井田当着重于研究公田、私田和直接生产者对土地有无占有权问题.井田为一幅封建占有制图案,同时又是封建占有制的一个计算标准与公式,它与剥削方式是紧密相关的.井九百亩,一夫耕百亩,而封建主于九百亩中攫取百亩的收入.凡田地多于一井的可以按照这个标准或公式计算,少于一井的同样可以按照这个标准或公式计算,也不拘于整块或奇零,基本上都要以此作为计算依据.中原地区辽阔,原来又分属于不同的邦国,施行的主要标准为井田,井田的具体办法可以有差异,井田之外还可能有其他标准,《周礼》中的“九一”与“十一”并存,正反映了这种情况.
First, the Western Zhou Dynasty feudal ownership system and its form of exploitation of the early feudal land tenure system, mainly for Ida .When Ida focus on public land, private land and direct producers have no ownership of the land problem .Ida is a feudal ownership pattern At the same time, it is also a calculation standard and formula for the feudal ownership system, which is closely related to the mode of exploitation .If nine hundred acres and one hundred acres of farming, while the feudal lord in nine hundred acres to grab acres of income .Fields more than A well can be calculated according to this standard or formula, less than a well can also be calculated in accordance with this standard or formula, nor is it a monolithic or odd, basically have to be used as a basis for calculation .Central Plains region is vast, There are different standards for the specific methods of field operation and field operation, and there may be other criteria besides minefield. In the “Zhou Li”, “nine one” and “eleven” Co-exist, is a reflection of this situation.