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目的探讨不同程度颅脑外伤的血钾变化特征。方法将颅脑外伤按入院时的GCS评分分成重、中、轻(A、B、C)3组,另取无颅脑外伤的其他外伤20例(D组)。患者一入院急查血生化,以后每日检测血K+、Na+、Cl-、Glu、24h尿K+,连续3d。记录入院前的脱水剂用量、呕吐情况及每天的影响因素,如饮食、呕吐、胃肠减压、尿量、治疗情况等,并进行综合分析。结果入院时A、B、C、D组的低血钾发生率分别为56·3%、40·0%、15·6%、20·0%,24h后大部分均恢复正常。结论颅脑外伤病人伤后低血钾发生率与受伤程度成正比,伤情越重低血钾发生率越高。轻型颅脑外伤与其他外伤病人的血钾无显著差异。
Objective To investigate the changes of serum potassium in patients with craniocerebral trauma at different degrees. Methods The traumatic brain injury was divided into 3 groups: heavy, moderate and light (GC) according to the GCS score at hospital admission, and another 20 cases without traumatic brain injury (group D). Patients admitted to a hospital emergency blood biochemical, after daily testing of blood K +, Na +, Cl-, Glu, urinary K + 24h, continuous 3d. Record the amount of dehydrating agent before admission, vomiting and daily factors such as diet, vomiting, decompression, urine output, treatment, etc., and conduct a comprehensive analysis. Results The incidences of hypokalemia in groups A, B, C and D at admission were 56.3%, 40.0%, 15.6% and 20.0%, respectively, most of which returned to normal after 24 hours. Conclusion The incidence of post-traumatic hypokalemia in patients with traumatic brain injury is directly proportional to the degree of injury. The heavier the injury is, the higher the incidence of hypokalemia. There was no significant difference in serum potassium between patients with light traumatic brain injury and other trauma patients.