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老年高血压病是指年龄≥60岁、收缩压(SP)≥21.3kPa(160mmHg)及(或)舒张压(DP)≥12.7kPa(95mmHg)者。该病分为两型:(1)经典型高血压,特点是 DP≥12.7kPa,SP 也相应升高;(2)收缩期高血压,恃点是SP≥21.3kPa,DP<12.7kPa,<45岁者极少涉及此型。老年高血压病很少有急进性或恶性者,除肾血管性者(几乎都是肾动脉主干的粥样化阻塞)外,很少有其他继发性的。根据一项大规模的调查,我国≥60岁者的高血压患病率为20%,其并发症的发生率及死亡率均高于低龄组高血压或同龄组非高血压者,同时老年患者的生理、病理状况与非老年者又有很大差异,故老年高血压病的治疗有其重要性与特殊性。
Elderly hypertension is defined as age ≥60 years and systolic blood pressure (SP) ≥21.3 kPa (160 mmHg) and / or diastolic blood pressure (DP) ≥12.7 kPa (95 mmHg). The disease is divided into two types: (1) classic hypertension, characterized by DP ≥ 12.7kPa, SP also increased accordingly; (2) systolic hypertension, depending on SP ≥ 21.3kPa, DP <12.7kPa, 45-year-old rarely involved in this type. There are few elderly hypertensive patients with acute or malignant, with the exception of renal vascular (almost all renal artery atheroma obstruction), few other secondary. According to a large-scale survey, the prevalence of hypertension in our country ≥60 years old is 20%, and the complication rate and mortality rate are higher than those in the younger age group or non-hypertensive group in the same age group. Meanwhile, the elderly patients The physiological and pathological conditions and non-elderly are very different, so the treatment of elderly hypertension has its importance and particularity.