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煤酚皂溶液(来苏兒)是药房常制备的制剂。常温时煤酚在水中的溶解度很小,仅2%左右。但药典規定的煤酌皂溶液中煤酚的濃度竟达50%之多,这是因为煤酚在肥皂水中能多量溶解的原故。不仅是煤酚,其它許多物質,像有机溶剂、揮发油、水不溶性色素等,肥皂对它們也同样的可以有像上边所說的加溶作用(Solubilization)。在下面表1中,列举了一些有机物在油酸鈉溶液中的溶解度,以見一斑。除肥皂以外,其它許多界面活性物質也具有这种性質。我們所以常常首先談到肥皂,那是因为肥皂在分子構造上比較簡單,並且从历史上来看,肥皂也是最早研究和应用的一类。表1 一些有机物在0.4N油酸鈉中的
The phenolic soap solution (Luxor) is a commonly prepared preparation in pharmacies. At room temperature, the solubility of phenol in water is very small, only about 2%. However, the pharmacopoeia stipulates that the concentration of phenol in the coal-based soap solution is as high as 50%. This is because of the large amount of dissolved phenol in soapy water. Not only are the phenols, but many other substances, such as organic solvents, volatile oils, water-insoluble pigments, etc., for which soaps can also have solubilization as described above. In Table 1 below, the solubility of some organic substances in sodium oleate solution is listed to see it. In addition to soap, many other interface actives also have this property. So we often talk about soap first. That’s because soap is relatively simple in molecular construction. Historically, soap has also been the earliest research and application. Table 1 Some organic compounds in 0.4N sodium oleate