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黄河流域暴雨时,空分布特征主要受季风活动的影响,此外,高差悬殊的阶梯地形,距海远近,山脉和其它下垫面特性等也是不可忽视的因素。暴雨的主要气候特征是强度大,频次较少,多集中于盛夏,年际变化大等。但是,这些特征在不同地区又存在一些较大差别:黄河上游循化以上暴雨量级低,频次特少,年际变化小;循化至三门峡区间短历时暴雨量很大,年际变化之大最为突出;三花间至黄河下游暴雨次数较多,量级大,年内相对集中程度较小。
In rainstorms in the Yellow River Basin, the spatial distribution characteristics are mainly affected by the monsoon activity. In addition, the terrain with great difference in elevation, the distance from the sea, the features of mountains and other underlying surfaces are also not negligible factors. The main climatic features of heavy rains are intensity, frequency less, more concentrated in midsummer, interannual variation and so on. However, there are some big differences between these characteristics in different regions: the upper reaches of the Yellow River have a lower magnitude and frequency of Xunhua heavy rainfall, with less annual variation; the short-term heavy rainfall in Xunhua-Sanmenxia range is large with large annual variations The most prominent; heavy rain between the three flowers to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the magnitude of large, less concentrated during the year.