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本文从煤矿机械齿轮的选材、冲击载荷及热处理分析了齿轮早期断齿原因。对于采煤机械冲击载荷严重的高应力齿轮,除按常规的弯曲疲劳计算外,文中提出了抗冲击断裂及断裂力学计算,从而对合理选材,提供了科学依据。对已出现裂纹的等幅载荷齿轮,还可通过断裂力学计算,估算齿轮的剩余疲劳寿命。最后对国内采煤机械齿轮的设计及加工,提出了进一步改进意见。齿轮是煤矿机械传动装置中的关键零件之一,它的使用寿命长短,直接影响到煤矿井下的采煤效率。煤矿机械齿轮的主要失效,目前有轮齿的折断、齿面的点蚀、齿面胶合、齿面塑性变形等多种形式。但这当中以轮齿的折断失效为最危险;因为轮齿一旦断裂,将破坏其他齿轮,迫使机器立即停止工作,严重影响生产。采煤机械中的齿轮,由于工作条件恶劣、受力复杂、载荷大,故大多采用渗碳合金钢。这种硬齿面的齿轮由于承载能力大,目前除煤矿机械外,其他冶金矿山机械行业,近年来亦朝这一方向发展。渗碳合金钢齿轮,由于齿面硬度高,齿面的接触疲劳有了较大的提高,故齿根的弯曲疲劳相对显得薄弱,因此齿轮的早期断齿在煤矿机械中成为当前主要的一种失效形式,特别是采煤机截割部齿轮及装载机械工作机构等齿轮,冲击载荷较大,更易经常发生早期断齿。由于煤矿机械齿轮使用的量很大,工作条件恶劣,影响生产大,为此分析齿轮的早期断齿原因,找出改进办法,提高齿轮的使用寿命,便有很大的意义。
In this paper, the reason of gear tooth broken in the early stage is analyzed from material selection, impact load and heat treatment of coal mine machinery. For the high-stress gear with heavy impact load of mining machinery, in addition to the conventional calculation of bending fatigue, the paper presents the impact fracture and fracture mechanics calculation, which provides a scientific basis for the rational selection. Cracks on the load has been the same amplitude of the gear, but also through fracture mechanics calculations to estimate the remaining gear fatigue life. Finally, the domestic mining machinery gear design and processing, put forward further improvements. Gear is one of the key parts in the mechanical transmission of a coal mine. Its service life has a direct impact on the coal mining efficiency under the coal mine. The main failure of mechanical coal mine gear, there are broken teeth, tooth pitting, tooth surface glued, tooth surface plastic deformation and many other forms. However, among these, the most dangerous is the failure of the gear teeth; for once the gear teeth break, other gears will be destroyed, forcing the machinery to stop working immediately and seriously affecting the production. Coal mining machinery gear, due to poor working conditions, stress complex, large load, so most of the carburizing alloy steel. Due to the large carrying capacity of this hardened gear, at present, except the coal mining machinery, other metallurgical mining machinery industry has also been developing in this direction in recent years. Due to the high hardness of tooth surface and the contact fatigue of tooth surface, carburizing alloy steel gear has been greatly improved, so bending fatigue of tooth root is relatively weak, so the early tooth breakage of gear has become the main one in coal mining machinery Failure forms, especially the shearer cutting gear and loading machinery work gear and other gear, the impact load is larger, more often prone to early broken teeth. As coal mine machinery gear used in large quantities, poor working conditions, affecting the production of large gear for the analysis of the reasons for the early broken teeth, to find ways to improve and improve the service life of gear, it is of great significance.