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介绍了稻草秸秆的资源与利用现状,稻草还田的主要方式及其配套技术。长期定位试验表明,稻草还田与对照区比较,土壤中1~0.05粗微团聚体含量高133~135.7 g/kg,土壤总孔隙度增加1.5个百分点,土壤容重降低0.09 mg/m3,土壤有机质含量提高1.8~3.3 g/kg,土壤速效氮含量提高17.1~32 mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量提高13.2~83 mg/kg。早稻草覆盖、晚稻免耕栽培与对照区(稻草直接翻压)比较,水温低1.4~2.9℃,泥温低1~2.2℃,Eh值低50.6 mV,稻草上的细菌数多3~5倍,真菌数多10倍。冬季稻草覆盖蔬菜,土壤含水量提高6.44~8.58个百分点,土壤5 cm处温度高0.66~1℃。在施用氮、磷肥基础上配合稻草还田,每公顷增产稻谷510~2 535 kg,增产率为4.5%~22.7%。
This paper introduced the current situation of straw resources and utilization, and the main ways and methods of rice straw returning. The results of long-term experiment showed that straw content of 1-0.05 coarse microaggregates was 133-135.7 g / kg, soil total porosity increased 1.5 percentage points, soil bulk density decreased 0.09 mg / m3, soil organic matter The contents of available nitrogen in soil increased by 17.1-32 mg / kg and soil available potassium increased by 13.2-83 mg / kg by 1.8-3.3 g / kg. Compared with the control rice straw (untreated straw), the water temperature was 1.4-2.9 ℃, the temperature was 1 ~ 2.2 ℃, the Eh was 50.6 mV, and the number of bacteria in the straw was 3 ~ 5 times , 10 times more fungi. Winter straw covered vegetables, soil moisture increased by 6.44 ~ 8.58 percentage points, the soil temperature 5 cm high 0.66 ~ 1 ℃. With the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on the basis of straw returning, the yield of rice was 510-2 535 kg per hectare and the rate of increase was 4.5% -22.7%.