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一.前言 本世纪,制造业经历了一个循环反复的发展阶段,以单件、小批量为主的生产方式,在福特汽车公司运用流水线作业大幅度提高生产效率以后,逐步地转化为大批大量为主的生产方式。由于市场竞争激烈,人们对市场的要求不断提高,市场商品向高质量、多样化方向发展,制造业出现了“回复”的阶段,逐步转化为多品种。中小批量为主的生产方式。大批大量生产由于采用高度自动化的设备和连续流水线作业,较易取得最优化的生产过程,从而获得传统的小批量生产所无可比拟的高经济效益、高稳定质量。如何把大量生产的高经济效益、高稳定质量扩大到中小批量生产,这成了近二三十年直至目前急待解决的问题。
I. INTRODUCTION In this century, the manufacturing industry has experienced a cyclical and repeated development stage. The single-item and small-batch-based production methods have gradually transformed into mass production after the Ford Motor Company has used pipeline operations to substantially increase production efficiency. The main production method. Due to fierce market competition, people’s demands for the market have been continuously improved, and the market goods have developed toward high quality and diversification. The manufacturing industry has emerged a stage of “reverting” and gradually transformed into a variety of products. Small and medium-sized production methods. Large quantities of mass production Due to the use of highly automated equipment and continuous assembly line operations, it is relatively easy to obtain an optimized production process, thereby obtaining the high economic efficiency and high stable quality unmatched by traditional small batch production. How to expand the mass production of high economic efficiency and high stable quality to medium and small-scale production has become an urgent problem to be solved in the past two or three decades.