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目的探讨早产儿颅内出血的影响因素。方法收集2004-12—2005-05江西省妇幼保健院早产儿病例资料168例,根据颅脑B超、临床诊断结果,将其分为颅内出血组和对照组,并进行对比分析。结果(1)胎龄≤32周或体重≤1500克早产儿的颅内出血发生率均明显高于胎龄>32周或体重>1500克的早产儿(χ2=8.88,P<0.01;χ2=18.81,P<0.01)。(2)存在高危因素早产儿的颅内出血发生率明显高于无高危因素的早产儿(χ2=24.20,P<0.01);阴道分娩早产儿的颅内出血发生率明显高于剖宫产早产儿(χ2=6.69,P=0.01)。(3)窒息与无窒息早产儿的颅内出血发生率无明显差异(χ2=0.18,P>0.05)。结论胎龄越小,体重越轻,越易发生颅内出血;阴道分娩和各种高危因素均可导致早产儿颅内出血。减少早产儿、低体重儿的出生,可有效降低新生儿颅内出血的发生率和新生儿死亡率;颅脑B超可作为早产儿颅内出血的筛查、早期诊断和跟踪随访的重要检查手段。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Methods A total of 168 cases of premature infants were collected from MCH hospital of Jiangxi Province from December 2004 to June 2005. According to the results of clinical diagnosis, the patients were divided into intracranial hemorrhage group and control group. Results (1) The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks or in body weight ≤1500g was significantly higher than that of preterm infants with gestational age> 32 weeks or body weight> 1500g (χ2 = 8.88, P <0.01; , P <0.01). (2) The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants with risk factors was significantly higher than that in preterm infants without risk factors (χ2 = 24.20, P <0.01). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants with vaginal delivery was significantly higher than that in premature infants with cesarean section χ2 = 6.69, P = 0.01). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage between asphyxiated and asphyxiated preterm infants (χ2 = 0.18, P> 0.05). Conclusions The smaller the gestational age, the lighter the weight, the more prone to intracranial hemorrhage; vaginal delivery and various risk factors can lead to intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Reduce the birth of premature children, low birth weight children, can effectively reduce the incidence of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal mortality; cranial ultrasound B can be used as a premature infant intracerebral hemorrhage screening, early diagnosis and follow-up of important means of inspection.