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自然界存在的致癌因子除放射性,致癌性烃类化合物、激素等外,最近的资料表明还有下列几类致癌物质(1)微生物产生的致癌物(2)植物来源的致癌物(3)食品烹调加热过程中产生的致癌物(4)生物体内和食品中生成N-亚硝基致癌物。在微生物产生的致癌物中,最为人们所熟知的是真菌毒素,尤其是黄曲霉毒素。黄曲霉毒素有B_1、G、M等数种,就其毒性而言以B_1、M最强,G次之。动物试验证明,它们可诱发从鱼至猿类等多种动物发生肝癌。致癌性以B_1最强,有人认为大鼠只要经口摄入1ppb的黄曲霉毒素B_1就可以诱发肝癌。在泰国和印度等地有由于黄曲霉毒素引起人中毒死亡的报告。有人认为泰国和东非各地的肝癌发病率高与当地食品中的黄曲霉毒素含量高有关。
Carcinogens found in nature In addition to radioactive, carcinogenic hydrocarbon compounds, hormones and other sources, recent data indicate the following types of carcinogens (1) carcinogens produced by microorganisms (2) plant-derived carcinogens (3) food cooking Carcinogens generated during heating (4) N-nitroso carcinogens are produced in the body and in food. Among the carcinogens produced by microorganisms, the most well known are mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B_1, G, M and other species, in terms of its toxicity to B_1, M strongest, G times. Animal tests have shown that they can induce liver cancer in a variety of animals, from fish to apes. Carcinogenicity to the strongest B_1, some people think that as long as the oral intake of 1ppb aflatoxin B1 can induce liver cancer. There are reports of death from human poisoning due to aflatoxins in Thailand and India. Some people think that the high incidence of liver cancer in Thailand and East Africa is related to the high content of aflatoxins in local foods.