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森林采伐是森林经营中的一个关键环节。采伐对树木天然更新的影响直接关系到森林的结构、组成及森林的可持续经营。本文以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,对择伐5 年后不同作业迹地(集材道、楞场和采伐后林窗)的幼苗更新及灌木、草本的多样性进行研究,并以没有进行采伐干扰的林地作为对照。共设计样地23 块,在各个小样地内调查幼树的种类、树木、高度;灌木和草本植物的种类、树木、高度和盖度,应用SPSS 软件进行一元方差分析。结果表明,择伐作业影响幼苗的更新,灌木和草本的多样性在作业迹地增加,尤其在林隙处的多样性最高。适当采伐能促进幼苗的更新,特别是阔叶树种的更新。集材道对幼苗密度的影响比对幼苗高度的影响大,幼苗密度在集材道上密度最高;采伐作业对针叶树种有严重的影响,在三种作业迹地上针叶树种的密度都比对照低。为了维持森林的结构和组成,在森林收获和楞场的建立时,必须采取科学措施保护针叶树种。此外,采伐林窗和楞场的面积都应该减小。为了确保采伐迹地建群树种的更新,经营中应该在保护生物多样性的前提下,适当控制过于旺盛的灌木和草本层的生长。本研究结果将为采伐后作业迹地的恢复和森林的可持续经营提供科学的依据。图1 表4 参14。
Forest harvesting is a key part of forest management. The impact of harvesting on the natural regeneration of trees is directly related to the structure and composition of forests and the sustainable management of forests. In this paper, the broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain was selected as the research object to study the seedling regeneration and shrubs and herbaceous diversity of different working trails (sowing channel, sill field and post-harvest gap) five years after selective cutting. Harvesting disturbance of woodland as a control. A total of 23 sample plots were designed. Saplings, trees, and heights were surveyed in various sample plots. Species, trees, heights and coverage of shrubs and herbaceous plants were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the selective cutting affected the regeneration of seedlings, and the diversity of shrubs and herbs increased on the working track, especially in the gap. Appropriate harvesting can promote the regeneration of seedlings, especially the broadleaf tree species. The effects of the harvesting channel on the seedling density were greater than those on the seedling height, and the density of the seedling was the highest on the timber track. The harvesting had a serious impact on the conifer species, and the densities of the conifer species were lower than those on the control. In order to maintain the structure and composition of forests, scientific measures must be taken to protect conifers during the harvesting of forests and the establishment of fringe fields. In addition, the area of deforestation and stoning fields should be reduced. In order to ensure the regeneration of tree species in deforested sites, the management should be able to properly control the growth of over-exuberant shrubs and herbs while conserving biodiversity. The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for the recovery of logging sites after harvesting and the sustainable management of forests. Figure 1 Table 4 Reference 14.