,Effects of host(Boettcherisca peregrina)copper exposure on development, reproduction and vitellogen

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Effects of copper(Cu)accumulation by the flesh fly Boettcherisca peregrina(R-D.)(Diptera:Sarcophagidae)on the ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis(Walker)(Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae)were investigated experimentally by exposing host larvae to contaminated diets with fmal Cu concentrations of 400 μg/g and 800 μg/g diet flesh weight (DFW),respectively.Results showed that Cu can be transferred along food chains to secondary consumers(parasitoids)in small amounts,resulting in negative effects on parasitoid growth and development(body weight and developmental durationl as well as fecundity(number of offspring per female).Copper exposure also inhibited vitellogenesis of parasitoids from Cu-contaminated host pupae.It is suggested that the decreased fecundity and inhibition of Vitellogenesis of N.vitripennis resulted from poor host nutritional state rather than from direct effects of Cu stress.
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