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黄猄蚁Oecophylla smaragdina,织叶蚁属,是热带亚洲地区很常见的一种捕食性蚂蚁。在西双版纳地区黄猄蚁常见在多种榕树上筑巢繁衍和生活。研究榕树上生活黄猄蚁的生活习性对于了解黄猄蚁与榕蜂互惠系统间的相互影响具有重要意义。本文选取西双版纳最常见的垂叶榕和高榕两种榕树和树上筑巢的黄猄蚁作为研究材料。观察研究黄猄蚁在一年内三个季节的活动情况;黄猄蚁在榕树上的筑巢位置;黄猄蚁对食物和光的选择;黄猄蚁对榕小蜂的捕食。结果发现:(1)黄猄蚁的活动在三个季节间有明显差异,其活动强度、活动时间依次为雨季>干热季>雾凉季;(2)黄猄蚁在不同的榕树会选择不同的位置筑巢,在垂叶榕上,它们主要在树顶部筑巢,而在高山榕上则在杈下垂的小枝条上筑巢;(3)黄猄蚁食性的研究中我们进一步证实了黄猄蚁为肉食性蚂蚁。在黄猄蚁的光反应实验中我们发现黄猄蚁偏好光亮处,而且在光亮处的黄猄蚁活动强度明显大于黑暗处;(4)榕小蜂是榕树上黄猄蚁重要的食物来源,而且黄猄蚁捕食榕小蜂的种类是与榕树的发育时期密切相关,在花前期和间花期黄猄蚁以捕食非传粉榕小蜂为主,而在雌花期和雄花期会捕食传粉榕小蜂,所以榕树上栖息的黄猄蚁在花前期和间花期对榕树-榕小蜂互利共生有利,而雌花期和雄花期由于取食传粉榕小蜂,则对榕蜂互利共生产生负面影响。
Oecophylla smaragdina is a species of predatory ants commonly found in tropical Asia. In Xishuangbanna region, yellow ants commonly nest in a variety of banyan reproduction and life. It is of great significance to study the living habits of the yellow ants on the banyan tree to understand the mutual influence between the ants and the bumblebee. In this paper, Xishuangbanna, the two most common banyan and tall banyan banyan tree nesting and nesting ants as a research material. Observed and studied the activities of the yellow ants in three seasons within one year; the nesting positions of the yellow ants on the banyan trees; the selection of food and light by the yellow ants; and the prey on the yellow fig wasps by the yellow ants. The results showed that: (1) The activities of the yellow moths were significantly different among the three seasons, and their activity intensity and activity time were in the order of rainy season> dry-hot season> foggy season; (2) Nesting in different positions, on the weeping Ficus, they mainly nest at the top of the tree, while they nest on small branches hanging on the tall ficus. (3) We further confirmed the yellow Ants for carnivorous ants. In the experiment of light response of the yellow moth, we found that the yellow moth prefers the light, and the activity intensity of the yellow mite in the light is obviously higher than that in the dark. (4) The small moss is the important food source of the yellow moth, Moreover, the species of the yellow beetle preying on the fig wasps are closely related to the developmental period of the banyan. At the pre-anthesis and the inter-flowering period, the anthozoan yellow flies inhabit the non-pollinating wasp-based insects while the pollinator wasps prey on the female and male anthers , So Phalaenopsis live on the banyan antler pre-and inter-flowering on the banyan - fig wasp mutual beneficial symbiotic benefits, while the female and female during flowering pollinator wasp pollinated, the negative impact on the mutualism of fig wasp.