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南昌地区气候高温多湿年均温为17-18℃,以6、7、8三个月气温最高;月均温为27.97℃。年降雨量为 1,742.6毫米,以4、5、6三个月降雨最多。在这样的气候条件下,苹果幼树表现生长过旺而延迟结果,结果树则生理落果又甚为严重。据1962年调查7年生倭锦典型树开花1,210朵中只着果7个,座果率0.57％,另一红玉典型树开花864朵中生理落果后着果113个,座果率13.07％,采前又落果17个,座果率降为11.1％。上饶、邓家埠、九江等地也有发生类似严重的生理落果现象。因而有必要研究苹果的生理落果时期及提高座果率的农业技术措施。 试验从1962年3月至1964年7月在江西共产主义劳动大学总校芭茅陵果园进行。试验地为丘陵坡地红壤,系由第四纪红色粘土发育而成,土层较厚,pH值5.4-6.2,有机质含量1.2％。品种为1956年定植的红玉和倭锦(砧木为沙果)。编号观察红玉四株,倭锦两株,每6—7天统计全株落花落果数目,测量20根新梢的生长量,计算2个主枝上新叶数目的增加情况,测定10个果实的横径,并观察其种胚发育情况。在农业技术措施方面设有冬季修剪、夏季摘心、环状剥皮和施肥等处理。现将初步结果概述如下:
Nanchang area average annual temperature of 17-18 ℃ high temperature and humidity, to 6,7,8 three months the highest temperature; average monthly temperature of 27.97 ℃. The annual rainfall is 1,742.6 mm and the heaviest rainfall falls in April and June. Under such climatic conditions, young saplings of apple trees have overgrown their growth effects and delayed their results. As a result, the physiological decline of trees is even more serious. According to the investigation of 1962, the typical tree of 7-year-old Japanese cherry tree blossomed in 1,210, with only fruit 7, fruit set rate 0.57%, another red ruby typical tree flowering 864 Physiological fruit drop fruit 113, fruit set rate 13.07% 17 fruit drop before harvest, fruit set rate dropped to 11.1%. Shangrao, Dengjiabu, Jiujiang and other places have also occurred similar to the physiological phenomenon of fruit drop. Therefore, it is necessary to study the physiological drop-out period of apple and the agricultural technical measures to increase the fruit set rate. The experiment was carried out from March 1962 to July 1964 at Bailongling Orchard, the headquarters of Jiangxi Communist Labor University. The red soil in the hilly slope was developed from Quaternary red clay. The soil layer was thick, with a pH value of 5.4-6.2 and an organic matter content of 1.2%. Varieties for the 1956 colonization of red jade and Japanese Kam (rootstock for the sand fruit). The numbers were observed in four strains of red jade and two in Japanese brocade. The number of the whole plant was measured every 6-7 days. The growth of 20 new shoots was measured. The increase of the number of new leaves on two main branches was calculated. Ten fruits The horizontal diameter, and observe the embryo development. In the agricultural technical measures with winter pruning, summer topping, annular peeling and fertilization treatment. The preliminary results are summarized as follows: