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随着数控机床的发展和日益广泛的应用,提高数控机床刀具(以下简称数控刀具)耐磨性的问题日益引起人们的重视。延长数控刀具耐磨性通常有两种方法:(1)在设计和制造刀具时,改变其结构和材料;(2)对刀具进行表面强化处理。一、刀具结构的改进数控机床上大量采用高速钢麻花钻和立铣刀等刀具。对标准高速钢立铣刀的结构,可作如下改进: 1.加大螺旋角,以降低切削力。目前,立铣刀的螺旋角已可增大到60°。 2.采用不等齿距。试验表明,刀齿在圆周上采用不等齿距分布,可以减少切削时的振动。图1所示为三齿和四齿立铣刀不等齿距分布的情况。 3.采用锥度芯部(图2)。并加大芯部厚度,以提高刀具的强度和刚性。
With the development of CNC machine tools and the increasingly wide range of applications, the issue of improving the wear resistance of CNC machine tools (hereinafter referred to as CNC tool) has drawn increasing attention. There are usually two ways to extend the wear resistance of CNC tool: (1) to change the structure and material of the tool during the design and manufacture of the tool; (2) to strengthen the surface of the tool. First, the improvement of the tool structure CNC machine tools using a large number of high-speed steel twist drills and end mills and other tools. The standard high-speed steel end mill structure can be improved as follows: 1. Increase the helix angle to reduce the cutting force. At present, the helix angle of the end mill has been increased to 60 °. 2. Unequal pitch. Experiments show that the teeth on the circumference with unequal pitch distribution, can reduce vibration when cutting. Figure 1 shows the three-tooth and four-tooth milling cutter unequal pitch distribution. 3. Use taper core (Figure 2). And increase the core thickness, in order to improve the strength and rigidity of the tool.