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目的利用油雾检测的概念和方法,研究机械加工行业矿物油雾的危害程度。方法选取目前机械加工行业较具代表性的发动机生产车间,通过职业卫生调查分析存在的化学危害因素,采用重量分析法和气相色谱法分别测定工作场所空气中的矿物油雾浓度和非甲烷总烃浓度,同时进行相关性分析。结果车间空气中的矿物油雾和非甲烷总烃质量浓度分别为0.23～1.20和0.27～10.13 mg/m3,不同工艺间的质量浓度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较中缸盖数控加工机床和缸体最终清洗岗位处的矿物油雾和非甲烷总烃质量浓度均显著高于车间休息区(P<0.05);回归分析显示矿物油雾与非甲烷总烃质量浓度之间有较好的相关性(R2=0.756 1,P<0.05)。结论利用油雾分析能够较全面地评价机械行业工作场所中的化学危害因素,为职业危害控制提供科学依据。
Objective To study the harm degree of mineral oil mist in machining industry by the concept and method of oil mist detection. Methods At present, the representative engine manufacturing workshop of mechanical processing industry was selected. The chemical hazard factors were analyzed by occupational health survey. The concentrations of mineral oil mist and non-methane total hydrocarbons in the air were measured by gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography. Concentration, while the correlation analysis. Results The concentrations of mineral oil mist and non-methane total hydrocarbons in the air of the workshop were 0.23-1.20 and 0.27-10.1 mg / m3, respectively. The differences in mass concentrations among different processes were statistically significant (P <0.05) The concentrations of mineral oil mist and non-methane total hydrocarbons in the NC machining machine and cylinder cleaning station were significantly higher than those in the rest area of the workshop (P <0.05). Regression analysis showed that between mineral oil mist and non-methane total hydrocarbon mass concentration There was a good correlation (R2 = 0.756 1, P <0.05). Conclusion Oil mist analysis can comprehensively evaluate the chemical hazards in the workplace of machinery industry and provide a scientific basis for occupational hazards control.