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为给陕西旱地及关中灌区小麦高效灌溉提供技术支撑,在陕西秦岭北麓的蓝田县进行了小麦不同生育时期喷灌小区试验和生产示范试验,研究了喷灌对小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在越冬期和拔节期喷灌可显著提高小麦产量、效益和水分利用效率,产量、收入和水分利用效率相对于无灌溉处理的增加幅度分别为22.0%~95.7%、16.5%~83.6%和9.3%~82.7%。喷灌后籽粒容重、吸水率和最大拉伸阻力分别增加1.8%~2.6%、0.5%~1.4%和0.6%~1.9%,其他品质指标降低,磨粉品质和加工品质明显变差。其中籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度分别降低5.2%~8.1%和6.0%~9.4%,最大拉伸面积、沉降值、湿面筋含量和稳定时间分别降低5.2%~7.8%、13.1%~17.3%、3.7%~7.8%和31.3%~42.4%。
In order to provide technical support for efficient irrigation of wheat in dryland and Guanzhong irrigation area in Shaanxi Province, pilot demonstration and production demonstration experiment of sprinkler irrigation in different growth stages of wheat was carried out in Lantian County in the northern foot of Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi Province. The effects of sprinkler irrigation on the yield and quality of wheat were studied. The results showed that sprinkling irrigation at winter and jointing stage could significantly increase the yield, benefit and water use efficiency of wheat, and the increase of yield, income and water use efficiency were 22.0% -95.7%, 16.5% -83.6% And 9.3% ~ 82.7%. The bulk density, water absorption and maximum tensile resistance increased by 1.8% -2.6%, 0.5% -1.4% and 0.6% -1.9% respectively after sprinkling irrigation, the other quality indexes decreased, and the quality of milling and processing quality deteriorated obviously. The protein content and hardness decreased by 5.2% -8.1% and 6.0% -9.4%, respectively. The maximum tensile area, sedimentation value, wet gluten content and stability time decreased by 5.2% -7.8%, 13.1% -17.3% and 3.7% ~ 7.8% and 31.3% ~ 42.4%.