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“非物质文化遗产”这一概念,是联合国教科文组织为完善世界文化遗产的保护体系,作为与物质性、遗址性、建筑性文化遗产相对应、对称的概念而提出的。2005年5月,我国颁布了《国家级非物质文化遗产代表作申报评定暂行办法》,将非物质文化遗产定义为:各族人民世代相承的、与群众生活密切相关的各种传统文化表现形式(如民俗活动、表演艺术、传统知识和技能,以及与之相关的器具、实物、手工制品等)和文化空间(即定期举行传统文化活动或集中展现传统文化表现形式的场所,兼具空间性和时间性),其范围则包括:口头传统,包括作为文化载体的语言;传统表演艺术;民俗活动、礼仪、节庆;有关自然界和宇宙的民间传统知识和实践;传统手工艺技能;与上述表现形式相关的文化空间。这些要素互相关联,有机地存活于共同的社区或群体之中,构成非物质文化遗产的生命环链。其生成、传承到创新、演进的全部过程,显示出生生不息的深层生命运动和丰富久远的文化蕴涵。
The concept of “intangible cultural heritage” is proposed by UNESCO as a system of protection for the improvement of the world cultural heritage and as a symmetrical concept corresponding to materiality, heritage and architectural heritage. In May 2005, China promulgated the Interim Measures for the Declaration of Representative Declarations of State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage, which defines the intangible cultural heritage as various traditional cultural expressions closely related to the mass life of the people of all nationalities from generation to generation, (Such as folklore, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, and related appliances, objects and handicrafts) and cultural spaces (that is, places where traditional cultural activities are regularly held or where traditional forms of expression are concentrated are both spatially And timeliness), and its scope includes: oral traditions including language as a carrier of culture; traditional performing arts; folklore, ceremonies, festivals; folklore and practices related to nature and the universe; traditional craftsmanship skills; Related cultural space. These elements are interrelated and organically live in common communities or groups and form the life chain of the intangible cultural heritage. Its generation, inheritance to innovation, the evolution of the entire process, showing the deep life of endless movement and rich cultural implications.