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[目的]掌握无锡市企业职业危害状况,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。[方法]设计统一调查表,以无锡市8093家具有职业危害因素的企业之中的1248家企业作为调查对象,运用整群随机抽样法对职业危害因素监测、作业者职业健康监护和职业病发生情况进行调查。[结果]无锡市企业存在多种职业危害因素,如粉尘、物理因素、化学因素、高毒物品。作业场所空气监测合格率和职业健康监护率均较低:粉尘、高毒物品、物理因素的监测合格率分别为92.95%、92.36%、79.94%;矽尘、锰、铅、高温、噪声监测合格率分别为71.70%、76.47%、89.65%、58.52%、78.31%;231人被诊断为职业病,187人被诊断为尘肺,24人被诊断为职业性眼病。[结论]粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅等是该市主要的职业危害因素,企业应继续加强职业危害因素监测和健康监护,保护劳动者健康。
[Objective] To master the occupational hazards of enterprises in Wuxi and provide the basis for formulating prevention and cure measures of occupational diseases. [Method] A unified questionnaire was designed. Taking 1280 enterprises in 8093 occupational hazards in Wuxi as the survey subjects, the cluster random sampling method was used to monitor the occupational hazards, occupational health monitoring and occupational diseases Investigate. [Result] There were many occupational hazard factors in Wuxi enterprises, such as dust, physical factors, chemical factors and highly toxic substances. The passing rate of air monitoring and occupational health monitoring in workplaces are low: the qualified rate of monitoring of dust, high poisonous substances and physical factors is 92.95%, 92.36%, 79.94% respectively; the monitoring of silicon dust, manganese, lead, high temperature and noise are qualified Rates were 71.70%, 76.47%, 89.65%, 58.52% and 78.31% respectively; 231 were diagnosed as occupational diseases, 187 were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis, and 24 were diagnosed as occupational ocular diseases. [Conclusion] Dust, noise, benzene series and lead are the main occupational hazards in the city. Enterprises should continue to strengthen the monitoring and health monitoring of occupational hazards and protect the health of laborers.