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[目的]分析2009—2011年闵行区水痘暴发疫情流行趋势,为制定水痘预防控制措施提供依据。[方法]运用描述流行病学方法,对2009—2011年闵行区发生的水痘暴发疫情资料进行分析。[结果]闵行区2009—2011年间共暴发水痘疫情69起,暴发病例数共计681例,暴发点均为教学机构,以小学最多,占暴发疫情的65.64%;暴发点学生总数120098,罹患率为0.57%。疫情有上升趋势。每年3—5月与10—12月为发病高峰,5~14岁占了全部病例的80.76%,男女比为1.65∶1;地区间存在差异,学校分布集中的镇(街道)暴发疫情多。水痘突破病例占37.15%,接种和发病时间间隔集中在3~10年的占95.41%,并以5~7年相对集中。暴发疫情报告时间与首例病人发病时间间隔中位数为8d,最长为35d。[结论]校园水痘暴发疫情形势严峻,是防控的重点单位,应采取切实有效的综合防控措施控制水痘疫情。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemic trend of varicella outbreak in Minhang District from 2009 to 2011 and provide the basis for the development of preventive control measures against chicken pox. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the outbreak data of chickenpox in Minhang District from 2009 to 2011. [Results] A total of 69 cases of chickenpox outbreaks were reported in Minhang District from 2009 to 2011, with a total of 681 outbreak cases. Outbreaks were all teaching institutions with the most primary schools accounting for 65.64% of outbreaks; the total number of outbreak students was 120098, the attack rate was 0.57%. The epidemic has an upward trend. From March to May each year and from October to December, the peak incidence was from 5 to 14 years old, accounting for 80.76% of all cases, the ratio of male to female was 1.65:1. There were differences among regions, and the outbreaks of towns (streets) with concentrated schools were more. Chickenpox breakthrough cases accounted for 37.15%, vaccination and onset time interval concentrated in 3 to 10 years accounted for 95.41%, and 5 to 7 years relative concentration. The median time between reporting the outbreak and the first patient was 8 days and the longest was 35 days. [Conclusion] The outbreak situation of chickenpox on campus is serious, which is the key unit of prevention and control. Effective and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control the epidemic of chickenpox.