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股份制度是一种组织和管理经济的形式。它是利用股息杠杆和使投资者责权利相结合的方式实现资本或资金快速集中和积累的一种途径。股份制与独资、合资、集资和银行贷款等筹款形式相比,有很多优越性。其一,股份制与独资形式相比,可以较少的资金吸引支配较多的资金。一般来讲,一个股份制企业,由于设股较多且分散,只要拥有40％左右的股份,就可以掌握企业生产经营的决策权,同时可以运用100％以上的资金。其二,股份制与合资相比,投资者在资金的投向上有更大的灵活性。由于股票在注册上市后,可以自由买卖,投资者通过出售股票可以收回投资,然后参与别的经营。其三,股份制与集资形式相比,大股东投资风险性较小。股东凭股票虽可参与企业分红,但有盈利才能分红,没有盈利则不分红,且一般不退股本。而采用集资形式吸收别人的资金,利息通常较高,还需要偿还本金。其四,股份制与银行贷款相比,投资具有稳定性。由于投资者购买股票后,除非出售股票,无法再抽回投资。银行贷款受制于储蓄存款,由于储蓄存款中很多是短期存款,贷款期限不可能过长。到期的银行贷款,
The stock system is a form of organizing and managing the economy. It is a way to achieve rapid concentration and accumulation of capital or funds by leveraging dividend leverage and combining investor responsibility with rights. Compared with fundraising forms such as sole proprietorship, joint ventures, fundraising and bank loans, joint-stock companies have many advantages. First, compared with the sole proprietorship, the joint-stock system can attract less funds and more funds. In general, a joint-stock enterprise, because it has a large number of shares and is decentralized, as long as it has about 40% of the shares, it can grasp the decision-making power of the company’s production and operation, and can use more than 100% of the funds. Second, compared to joint-stock companies and joint ventures, investors have greater flexibility in the investment of funds. Since stocks are freely traded after they are listed on the stock market, investors can recover their investments by selling stocks and then participate in other operations. Third, compared with the form of fund-raising, major shareholders have less investment risk. Shareholders can participate in the dividends of the company, but they can make a dividend if they have a profit. If there is no profit, they will not receive a dividend, and generally they will not return the share capital. The use of fund-raising to absorb other people’s funds, interest is usually higher, but also need to repay the principal. Fourth, compared with the bank loan, the investment has stability. Since investors buy stocks, they cannot withdraw their investments unless they sell stocks. Bank loans are subject to savings deposits. Since many savings deposits are short-term deposits, the loan period cannot be too long. Expired bank loans,