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西尼罗病毒(WNV)属黄病毒科黄热病毒属。黄热病毒属的其它成员包括登革热病毒、扁虱热传播性脑炎、黄热病,日本脑炎和圣·路易斯大脑炎病毒。1937年Smithburn及其同事首先从白尼罗河源头乌干达北部的西尼罗河地区一例37岁妇女的血液中分离出WNV,按照当时的情况,新分离的虫媒病毒的命名以获得该病毒的地理名称命名。耶例妇女参与了昏睡病监视项目,并且在抽血的当天有38.1℃的发热,分离出的病毒在恒河猴大脑内和鼻内接种以后导致发热和脑炎(但是当给予静脉注射时只有发烧)以及诱导了免疫。非洲绿猴脑内接种该病毒没有使其患上脑炎,仅有发热,感染该病毒后做鼠生物实验,发现3只恒河猴中有2只血液中含有该病毒达9天。
West Nile virus (WNV) is a genus of Flaviviridae. Other members of the genus Yellow Fever include dengue virus, tick-borne fever-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis’s encephalitis virus. In 1937 Smithburn and his colleagues first isolated WNV from the blood of a 37-year-old woman from the White Nile source in the West Nile region of northern Uganda. Named for the geographical name of the newly isolated arbovirus as the case may be. The women of Yahya participated in the Sleeping Disease Surveillance Program and developed a fever of 38.1 ° C on the day of blood draw. The isolated virus caused fever and encephalitis after intracranial and intranasal inoculation of rhesus macaque (but only when administered intravenously Fever) and induced immunity. Inoculation of the virus in the brain of African green monkeys did not cause encephalitis, but fever. After infection with the virus, mice were tested for biological experiments and found that two of three rhesus monkeys contained the virus for up to nine days.