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目的进一步掌握肥城市农村环境卫生健康危害因素的水平及其动态变化,客观评价农村环境卫生状况。方法根据山东省《2012年山东省农村环境卫生监测项目实施方案的通知》文件要求,随机抽取了5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择4个行政村共20个行政村作为监测点,对每个监测点进行户厕、生活垃圾、污水、病媒生物及土壤卫生检测。结果 20个村监测点中7 735户居民全部饮用集中式供水;共有户厕7 735所,非卫生厕所占34.61%;95%的监测点设有垃圾池,生活垃圾均是定点露天堆放,70%的生活垃圾进行了自行填埋处理,8%由垃圾处理场统一处理,12%堆放村附近洼地、坑塘中;20个监测点土壤样本中重金属铅、镉的测定值均在标准范围内,p H值超出正常范围的样品12份,占统计数的60%,蛔虫卵阳性率80%;调查显示:鼠密度5.30%、蝇密度10.37%、蚊密度2.78%,均超过国家标准[1]。结论农村环境治理是一项长期的、系统的、科学的社会工程,只有采取健康教育、加大改水改厕力度、改善绿化及加强土壤监测等综合措施,才能有效改善农村环境卫生状况。
Objective To further understand the level and dynamic changes of health hazards of rural sanitation in Feicheng City and objectively evaluate the status of rural sanitation. Methods According to the requirements of the Notice of Shandong Province on Implementing Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Project in Shandong Province in 2012, 5 townships were randomly selected and 20 administrative villages in 4 administrative villages were selected as monitoring points in each township. Point for household toilet, garbage, sewage, vector biology and soil health testing. Results A total of 7 735 households in 20 monitoring points of the 20 villages received centralized water supply. There were 7 735 households with shared toilets and 34.61% with non-sanitary toilets. 95% of the monitoring sites were equipped with garbage pools and the domestic garbage was piled in open air and 70 % Of domestic waste was disposed of by landfill, 8% was uniformly treated by garbage disposal sites and 12% was deposited in depressions and pit ponds near the village. The measured values of heavy metal lead and cadmium in soil samples from 20 monitoring sites were all within the standard range , 12 samples whose p H value was beyond the normal range accounted for 60% of the statistics and the positive rate of Ascaris eggs was 80%. The survey showed that the rat density was 5.30%, the fly density was 10.37% and the mosquito density was 2.78% ]. Conclusion Rural environmental governance is a long-term, systematic and scientific social project. Only through comprehensive measures such as health education, intensification of water and toilet closures, improvement of greening and soil monitoring can rural environmental sanitation be effectively improved.