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Yb3+/Ln3+(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-sialon ceramics were fabricated by hot press sintering technique. Their micro-structure and luminescent properties were studied by XRD, EDS, HRTEM and photoluminescence measurements. The results showed that the sintered ceramics consisted ofα-Sialon with a trace amount ofβ-Sialon phase. The frequency upconversion and downconversion properties of Yb3+/Ln3+(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-Sialon ceramics were investigated under 980 nm low-power excitation. The different concentrations of Yb3+/Ln3+(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho) produced multicolor emissions characteristics of each Ln3+ion as a result of the energy transfer from Yb3+to Er3+, Tm3+and Ho3+ions. The EDS spectra measurements and mappings showed that the Ln3+ions were well incorporated in the α-Sialon matrix. Temporal evolution of the emission decay behavior has been in-vestigated to understand the energy transfer mechanism.